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Introduction to Java PrintStreamJava PrintStream has the capacity to print the depiction of many data values and adds functionality to a different output stream. The specialty of a print stream is that it does not throw an IOException like other input streams, and they set a flag internally to indicate an exception occurs that can be tested using the checkError method (This happens only during exceptional cases). It can also be created such that to flush itself automatically.
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The characters are converted to bytes that PrintStream generates with the platform’s in-built character encoding. Hence, this PrintWriter class is used to be in places that require writing characters instead of bytes for int, long, etc.
public class PrintStream extends FilterOutputStream implements Appendable, CloseablePrintStream, as shown, is inherited from the class FilterOutputStream, and the interfaces implemented from the same are Appendable and Closeable.
Constructors of Java PrintStreamBelow are the constructors and descriptions used by the PrintStream function:
PrintStream(File file, String csn): This creates a new print-stream with the given file and charset without any automatic flushing.
PrintStream(File file): This also creates a new print-stream with the specified file. This also does not have automatic flushing.
PrintStream(OutputStream out, boolean autoFlush): This also creates a new print stream.
PrintStream(OutputStream out): Accepts only a single parameter and creates a new print stream.
PrintStream(String fileName): Accepts the filename as input parameter and creates a new print-stream without having provision for automatic line flushing.
This accepts 3 input parameters as shown and creates a new print stream.
PrintStream(String fileName, String chs): This also creates a new print-stream that is not having automatic line flushing with the given file name and charset.
List of Methods Used1. PrintStream append(char a): This method is used to append the given character to the output stream
Syntax:
public PrintStream append(char a)Returns: The output stream
2. PrintStream appfin(CharSequence chs, int st, int fin): This function requires 3 parameters and also appends the given character sequence to this output stream.
Syntax:
public PrintStream appfin(CharSequence chs, int st, int fin)Parameters Required:
chs: Input character sequence is taken from this, and a subsequence will be appended here.
st: This represents the first character’s index in the subsequence.
fin: This represents the last character’s index which follows in the subsequence.
Returns: The output stream.
Throws: exception like IndexOutOfBoundsException.
Syntax:
public PrintStream append(CharSequence chs)Parameters required:
chs: The character sequence which has to be appended.
Returns: The output stream.
4. Boolean checkError(): This is used to flush the stream and get its error state status.
Syntax:
public boolean checkError()and returns false if any other exception like InterruptedIOException, or if the setError method has been called.
6. protected void clearError()
Syntax :
8. public void flush(): This method overrides the flush function of class FilterOutputStream
9. void close(): The basic method used for closing the stream.
Syntax:
public void close()This method overrides the close() function of class FilterOutputStream
10. PrintStream format(Locale loc, String fr, Object… arg): This function is used to write a string that is formatted to the output stream using the given format string and parameters.
Syntax:
public PrintStream format(Locale loc, String fr, Object... arg)
loc: The locale we use during formatting. If this value is null, then no need to apply localization.
arg: All the formal specifiers use these arguments as a reference in the format string. The arguments passed here can range from zero to many.
Return parameters: The output stream. Throws 2 kinds of exception IllegalFormatException and NullPointerException
11. PrintStream format(String for, Object… args): Used to write a formatted string to the output stream using the given format string and parameters.
Syntax:
public PrintStream format(String for, Object... args)Parameters required:
for: Format string as per the syntax
args: Input arguments as described, and they may range from zero to many
Return parameters: The output stream. Throws 2 kinds of exception IllegalFormatException and NullPointerException
Example to Implement Java PrintStreamBelow is an example of Java PrintStream. First, let us undertake a basic example to understand the above discussed different methods of PrintStream.
Code:
import java.io.*; import java.util.Locale; public class Main { public static void main(String args[]) throws FileNotFoundException { FileOutputStream file=new FileOutputStream("output.txt"); PrintStream op=new PrintStream(file); String str="Example"; char a[]={'F','I','R','S','T'}; op.print(true); op.println(); op.print(1); op.println(); op.print(5.10f); op.println(); op.print("Example code for PrintStream methods"); op.println(); op.print(file); op.println(); op.append("Append method"); op.println(); op.println(op.checkError()); op.format(Locale.US, "This is a %s program", str); op.flush(); op.close(); } }Output:
Explanation: This example generates an output file, and we are displaying all the method related outputs by writing them into the chúng tôi file. This creates a file if it does not exist, and hence the output will not be visible in the IDE. We are first creating a PrintStream object here and then using that to showcase all the functioning of methods like print(boolean b), print(int I), print(float f), print(String s) and other methods as shown in the code.
ConclusionHence as discussed above, a PrintStream in java that is basically used to write formatted data to the output stream. The naming is done as per its functionality that it formats the primitive values like int, long into text like as to when they will look when displayed on a screen.
Recommended ArticlesThis is a guide to Java PrintStream. Here we discuss the Introduction to Java PrintStream and its different Constructors along with an example. You can also go through our other suggested articles to learn more –
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Constructors And Methods With Example In Jeditorpane
Introduction to JEditorPane
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In order to have this behavior, this component uses the implementations of the EditorKit. The beauty is that it automatically adjusts to the proper kind of text editor for whichever kind of content it is provided. The EditorKit which is currently installed is used to determine the content that the editor is bound to at any given time. For example, if the content of a component is set to a new URL, then its type is used to determine the EditorKit that should be preinstalled to load the content.
Syntax:
public class JEditorPane extends JTextComponentBy Default this class is preconfigured to the following three types of content:
text/plain: Plain Text, which is the default type when the content is not recognized. The kit used over here is an extension of DefaultEditorKit that will produce a wrapped plain text view.
text/HTML: HTML Text. The kit used over here is class javax.swing.text.html.HTMLEditorkit which will provide support till HTML (ver. 3.2).
text/RTF: RTF Text. The kit used over here is class javax.swing.text.rtf.RTFEditorkit which will provide limited support Rich Text Format.
Constructors of JEditorPaneBelow are the constructors of JEditorPane:
JEditorPane( ): This type of constructor will simply create a new JEditorPane.
JEditorPane(String URL): This type of constructor will create a JEditorPane based on the string in the parameter containing the URL specifications.
JEditorPane(URL initial page): This constructor will create the JEditorPane based on the specified URL in the input parameter.
JEditorPane( String type, String text ): This constructor will create a JEditorPane that has been initialized to the text given within the parameter.
Some Useful Methods of JEditoPane Class
void setText(String text): This method will set the text of the component with the specified text given in the input, which is expected to be in the same content type as of the editor.
Void getText( ): This method will return the text of the component within the specified content type of the editor.
Void setPage(URL page): This method will trigger the JEditorPane to show the specified URL as the current page.
Void setContentType(String type): This method is used to set the type of content that the editor can handle.
Example of JEditorPane ClassBelow are the examples of JEditorPane:
Here in this example, we will create a web page reader using JEditorPane in java. We can’t also consider it as a web browser since JEditorPane can only use to show HTML content and it cant show any CSS or any other styling content but still some webpages with there HTML content can be accessed via the example as well as we also open any HTML file which saved on the local PC.
Over here in order to build a web page viewer, we will first create an editor pane to show the HTML content then create a JTextfield which will be used to fill the URL and a JButton which is used to search the URL on the web. Add an action to the button and hyperlink listener which can be used for any hyperlink on the HTML page. In the end, add all the components to the panel and the panel to the frameset the size of the frame and also make the webpage as read-only so that no changes can be made using the setEditable method as False.
import java.awt.BorderLayout; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import java.io.IOException; import javax.swing.JEditorPane; import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.JOptionPane; import javax.swing.JPanel; import javax.swing.JScrollPane; import javax.swing.JTextField; import java.net.URL; import javax.swing.JButton; import javax.swing.event.HyperlinkEvent;// Provides information on events triggered import javax.swing.event.HyperlinkListener;// Monitors user activity with links public class JEditorPaneExample extends JFrame implements HyperlinkListener, ActionListener { public static void main(String[] args) { } String defaultURL; JPanel panel = new JPanel(); JTextField theURL = new JTextField(25); JButton search = new JButton("Search"); JEditorPane htmlPage; public JEditorPaneExample(String defaultURL) { JFrame frame = new JFrame("Java Browser"); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); this.defaultURL = defaultURL; search.addActionListener(this); theURL.setText(defaultURL); panel.add(theURL); panel.add(search); frame.add(panel, BorderLayout.NORTH); try { htmlPage = new JEditorPane(defaultURL); htmlPage.addHyperlinkListener(this); htmlPage.setEditable(false); JScrollPane scroller = new JScrollPane(htmlPage); frame.add(scroller, BorderLayout.CENTER); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } frame.setSize(1200, 800); frame.setVisible(true); } public void hyperlinkUpdate(HyperlinkEvent e) { if (e.getEventType() == HyperlinkEvent.EventType.ACTIVATED) { try { htmlPage.setPage(e.getURL()); theURL.setText(e.getURL().toExternalForm()); } catch (IOException e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); } } } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { String pageURL = ""; if (e.getSource() == search) { pageURL = theURL.getText(); } else { pageURL = defaultURL; JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(JEditorPaneExample.this, "Please Enter a Web Address", "Error", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE); } try { htmlPage.setPage(new URL(pageURL)); theURL.setText(pageURL); } catch (MalformedURLException e2) { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(JEditorPaneExample.this, JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE); } catch (IOException e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); } } }Output:
ConclusionJEditorPane class can be used to display normal HTML, Rich Text Format Content or Plain text with a bit of styling. The JEditorPane class provides an edge over JTextPanes for providing text component as the JEditorPane class provides you constructors to initialize the editor pane form a URL whereas JTextPane doesn’t have such contractors.
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Can Java Be Used For Machine Learning And Data Science?
The world is drooling over
Top Expertise to Develop For Machine Learning & Data ScienceIf you want to excel in any field, you first need to develop the skills. Here’s a list of all the skills required if you’re going to learn ML & data science. Math: It is all about permutations and combination complemented with your calculation ability to be able to link yourself with machines. Data Architecture: To be able to reach the core of any technology, you must have a broad idea of the data formats. Software Structures: There is no ML without software, and a data engineer should be clear with concepts related to software and their working. Programming & Languages: If you do not know anything about this, there is no ML for you. Programming languages are the essential requirement for one to be able to build a career in ML. Differencing and Data Mining: If you have no clue about data, you are a zero. To be able to learn ML, data mining, and the ability to infer the information is crucial.
Java: Machine Learning & Data Science’s FutureJava is a technology that proves beneficial in varied arrays of development and ML. One of the critical things in ML & Data Science is algorithms. With Java’s available resources, one can efficiently work in various algorithms and even develop them. It is a scalable language with many frameworks and libraries. In the current scenario, Java is amongst the most prominent languages in AI and ML. Some of the reasons why Java is an excellent alternative for a future in Data Science, Machine Learning, and finally, Artificial Intelligence are:
Pace of ExecutionIf you are arguing about the speed of coding and execution, Java takes the lead in it, which means faster ML & DS technologies. Its features of statically typing and compilation are what makes it super in execution. With a lesser run time than any other language, knowing Java means you are good to go in the ML industry.
CodingIndentation in Java is not a must which makes it easier than Python or R. Also, coding in Java may require more lines, but it is easier than in other languages. If you are well-versed with coding, Java will be beneficial in ML and DS.
Learning CurveJava has a lot of areas where one must work hard. The learning curve for Java and allied language is quicker and more comfortable than other languages in totality. Suppose you know a language better and efficiently. In that case, it means that you can enter the domain at a more accelerated pace than through any other language whose learning curve is typical of Java.
Salary PackagesJava has been in use for 30+ years. The future salaries of people who know Java are perceived to be higher than through any other language. We are not saying that you might not have a handsome amount in your hand if one knows Python. Instead, we are just focusing that with Java’s legacy in place, the salaries you get in your growth years are expected to be more for people who know Java.
CommunityJava will complete three decades of existence and is still one of the most prevalent and popularized languages. It means that numerous people in the enterprise know the language and will provide you with support in requirements. Several people in DS and ML are working through Java. It is an additional benefit that you can avail of if you learn ML and DS with Java.
Varied LibrariesWith Java, you have access to various libraries in Java for learning ML. To name a few, there are ADAMS, Mahaut, JavaML, WEKA, Deeplearning4j, etc.
The world is drooling over Artificial Intelligence . From research institutions to corporate houses, every organization aims to create AI-driven systems to build their enterprise. Machine Learning, or more commonly known as ML, is a sub-array of AI. With ML, you can teach the machines to behave like humans, i.e. develop brains in a machine. The result is automated machines that know-how and what is to be done. One commonly used place for AI & ML is Maps. Have you noticed that it shows you the route with the least traffic and the best route? That happens through ML along with other technologies. Another hot thing in the technological sphere is Big Data and its management. Big data is a terminology utilized for data of all types. It incorporates structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data. Be it any type of organization, you will always have a lot of data related to operations, finance, marketing, manufacturing, sales, etc. How you utilize and manage this data is the work of data scientists. Machines absorb the information that is further utilized and adopted in AI is all related to Big Data. Hence, to dive into AI, you will have to be accustomed to ML and Big data . Data science, ML, big data, and AI are all interlinked and synchronized. If you are talking about turning a machine like a human, it requires you to feed it in the language that it understands. Yes, we are talking, i.e. programming languages. Some of the commonly practiced languages for ML and Decision science are Python, Java, etc. But Java is a language that one must never forget. If you know Java Outsourcing Company , you can hop on the bandwagon of ML with great ease. How will it happen? Read along to learn chúng tôi you want to excel in any field, you first need to develop the skills. Here’s a list of all the skills required if you’re going to learn ML & data chúng tôi is all about permutations and combination complemented with your calculation ability to be able to link yourself with chúng tôi be able to reach the core of any technology, you must have a broad idea of the data formats.There is no ML without software, and a data engineer should be clear with concepts related to software and their chúng tôi you do not know anything about this, there is no ML for you. Programming languages are the essential requirement for one to be able to build a career in chúng tôi you have no clue about data, you are a zero. To be able to learn ML, data mining, and the ability to infer the information is chúng tôi is a technology that proves beneficial in varied arrays of development and ML. One of the critical things in ML & Data Science is algorithms. With Java’s available resources, one can efficiently work in various algorithms and even develop them. It is a scalable language with many frameworks and libraries. In the current scenario, Java is amongst the most prominent languages in AI and ML. Some of the reasons why Java is an excellent alternative for a future in Data Science, Machine Learning, and finally, Artificial Intelligence are:If you are arguing about the speed of coding and execution, Java takes the lead in it, which means faster ML & DS technologies. Its features of statically typing and compilation are what makes it super in execution. With a lesser run time than any other language, knowing Java means you are good to go in the ML industry.Indentation in Java is not a must which makes it easier than Python or R. Also, coding in Java may require more lines, but it is easier than in other languages. If you are well-versed with coding, Java will be beneficial in ML and chúng tôi has a lot of areas where one must work hard. The learning curve for Java and allied language is quicker and more comfortable than other languages in totality. Suppose you know a language better and efficiently. In that case, it means that you can enter the domain at a more accelerated pace than through any other language whose learning curve is typical of chúng tôi has been in use for 30+ years. The future salaries of people who know Java are perceived to be higher than through any other language. We are not saying that you might not have a handsome amount in your hand if one knows Python. Instead, we are just focusing that with Java’s legacy in place, the salaries you get in your growth years are expected to be more for people who know chúng tôi will complete three decades of existence and is still one of the most prevalent and popularized languages. It means that numerous people in the enterprise know the language and will provide you with support in requirements. Several people in DS and ML are working through Java. It is an additional benefit that you can avail of if you learn ML and DS with chúng tôi Java, you have access to various libraries in Java for learning ML. To name a few, there are ADAMS, Mahaut, JavaML, WEKA, Deeplearning4j, etc. We hope that now you know why one must learn Machine Learning and Data Science in Java. With its scalability, versatility, and balanced demand, you will always have to work with Java.
Working Of Timeit() Method With Example
Introduction to Python Timeit
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Working of timeit() Method with ExampleThis basic function is provided by the timeit library of Python for calculating the execution time of small Python code snippets. To calculate the accurate time of execution of the program by running the timeit method one million of time which is the default value.
The timeit module provides many different functions and the most important functions are timeit() which is for calculating the time of execution of program, repeat() function can be used with timeit() to call this timeit() function the number of times in the repeat is specified, and default_timer() this function is used to return the default time of the execution of the program.
Let us demonstrate these functions in the below examples along with syntax:
Timeit(): This is a very important and useful function provided by the timeitmodule to calculate the execution of a given python code. This timeit() function can be executed even in the command-line interface.
Let us see the syntax and example in the below section:
Syntax:
timeit.timeit(stmt, setup, timer, number)Parameters:
stmt: This parameter is to measure the statement which you want and the default value is “pass”.
setup: This parameter is used to set the code that must be run before the stmt parameter and this also has a default value as “pass” and this parameter is mostly used for importing other code modules that are required for this code.
timer: This parameter is timeit object and it has its default value.
number: This parameter is used to specify the number which is used to mention how many executions you wish to run the stmt parameter. The default value of this parameter is 1 million (1000000).
The return value of this function timeit.timit() is in seconds which returns the value it took to execute the code snippets in seconds value.
Now we will see a simple example that uses timeit() function. The timeit() function uses parameter stmt which is used to specify the code snippets which we want to calculate the time of execution of the given code snippets in stmt. In this article, we can have stmt in a single line using single quotes or multiple lines using semicolon or triple quotes.
Example of Python TimeitBelow is an example of Python Timeit:
Code:
import timeit setup_arg = "import math" print("Program to demonstrate the timeit() function for single and multiline code") print("n") print("The single line code in stmt parameter is ") stmt1 = 'result = 9 * 6' print(stmt1) print("n") print("The multiple code statement using semicolons is given as follows:") stmt2 = 'p = 9;q = 6; product = p*q' print(stmt2) print("n") print("The multiple code statement using triple quotes is given as follows:") stmt3 = ''' def area_circle(): r = 3 res = chúng tôi * r * r ''' print(stmt3) print("n") print("The time taken to execute the above code statement 1 which uses semicolon is:") print(timeit.timeit(stmt1, number = 1000000), 'seconds') print("n") print("The time taken to execute the above code statement 2 which uses semicolon is:") print(timeit.timeit(stmt2, number = 1000000), 'seconds') print("n") print("The time taken to execute the above code statement 3 which uses trile quotes is:") print(timeit.timeit(setup= setup_arg, stmt = stmt3, number = 1000000), 'seconds') print("n")In the above program, we saw how we used setup, stmt, and number arguments along with the statements which have one or more than one line of code in it. To write more than one line of code we have used a semicolon in stmt2 and we can also use triple quotes for writing multiple lines and we have written it in stmt3. Therefore the import statement required for stmt3 is assigned to the setup parameter of the timeit() function as this is used to execute the stmt value of the function and then it returns the time of the execution of statements after running number = 1000000 times.
In Python, timeitmodule provides timeit() function for calculating the execution time. Before using this function we should note some points we cannot use this function everywhere that means this is used only for small code snippets. It is better to use some other functions instead because timeit() function calculates the execution of code in seconds but what if the code is taking a few minutes to execute then this function will not be recommended. As we discussed above the time module used for calculating the execution of the program is not recommendable because it will also take some background time which may not give accurate time. This timeit() function has both command line interface as well as callable function.
ConclusionIn this article, we conclude that timeit module in Python provides timeit() function. This function is used for calculating the execution time of the given code statements. In this article, we saw a basic example and also we saw how the statements can be written using semicolons or triple quotes for single line statements and multiple lines of the program statements. We also saw examples for writing examples with timeit() function arguments such as setup, stmt, and number. This timeit() function is very useful than the time module as this will help to calculate the performance of the code easily and quickly. This timeit() function must be used only for the small code snippets as this is not much recommendable for lengthy code snippets as it returns the time in seconds.
Recommended ArticlesThis is a guide to Python Timeit. Here we discuss the introduction and working of python timeit along with a different example and its code implementation. You may also have a look at the following articles to learn more –
Guide To Mysql Date_Add() With Example
Introduction to MySQL DATE_ADD()
DATE_ADD() function, as the name clearly states, it is a function that helps to alter the date and time in MySQL. This function updates and returns the date_time value per the arguments explicitly provided within the brackets. You can use most of the intervals available in MySQL to define the DATE_ADD() function. The function lets us add not just positive values but also negative values. The result can be a date_time value or a string per the provided arguments. You can use a dynamic function to update the date.
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Syntax
To use the DATE_ADD function, you need to provide both the date that will be modified and the interval argument. So the syntax will be like:
DATE_ADD (date_time, INTERVAL value AddUnit);Description:
The ‘date_time’ represents the value or date and time that needs to be updated. You can define the interval within single quotes (“) or use a dynamic value like NOW().
The ‘value’ represents the quantity of minutes, days, hours, or years that you will add to the ‘date_time’. It means the time you want to add to the specified date and time.
The type of unit to be added is ‘AddUnit’. This specifies whether to add hours, minutes, seconds, days, or years. We can define a combination of units as well. Some examples of this are as follows:
SECOND
MINUTE
HOUR
DAY
WEEK
MONTH
QUARTER
YEAR
YEAR_MONTH
DAY_HOUR
DAY_MINUTE
DAY_SECOND
HOUR_MINUTE
HOUR_SECOND
MINUTE_SECOND
SECOND_MICROSECOND
Note that the value returned will either be a date and time or a string based on the above three arguments.
We can look into some examples to understand the working of the DATE_ADD() function.
How does DATE_ADD() function work in MySQL?The working function is straightforward.
DATE_ADD (date_time, INTERVAL value AddUnit);From this syntax, the function adds an interval of ‘value’ ‘AddUnits’ to ‘date_time’ and returns the updated date_time. Just keep in mind the date_time field is to follow the 24-hour clock. The keyword INTERVAL is mandatory in every statement.
Code #1
Let’s first see a dynamic value in the date_time field.
SELECT DATE_ADD(NOW(), INTERVAL 10 DAY) as date_time;The function NOW() will return the current date and time in YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM: SS format. The output of this query will add 10 days to the current date_time.
Output:
Code #2
SELECT DATE_ADD('2023-01-10 10:00:00', INTERVAL 10 SECOND) as date_time;So, We will update the date to 10 AM on 10th January 2023. We will add 10 seconds.
Output:
The output has come as 10 AM 10 seconds, of 10th January 2023.
Code #3
SELECT DATE_ADD('2023-01-10 10:00:00', INTERVAL 10 HOUR) as date_time;So, the date to be updated here is 10 AM on 10th January 2023. We will add 10 hours.
Output:
The query says to add 10 hours to the date_time provided. So from 10 AM, 10 hours is added, making it the 8 PM same date.
We saw adding time frames to the date_time value. Let’s add a number of days to the same and check.
Code #4
SELECT DATE_ADD('2023-01-10', INTERVAL 10 DAY) as date_time;So, the date to be updated here is 10 AM on 10th January 2023. We will add an interval of 10 days.
Output:
Adding ten days to the date_time will result at 10 AM on 20th January 2023—Cross-check with the calendar to confirm.
Code #5
SELECT DATE_ADD('2023-01-10 10:00:00', INTERVAL 10 WEEK) as date_time;So, the date to be updated here is 10 AM on 10th January 2023. The interval to be added is ten weeks.
Here, the interval added is ten weeks. So the date will be shifted 10 weeks before 10th Jan 2023. Thus the expected output will be 20th March 2023—Cross-check with the calendar to confirm.
Code #6
SELECT DATE_ADD('2023-01-10 10:00:00', INTERVAL 10 YEAR) as date_time;So, We will update the date to 10 AM on 10th January 2023. We will add an interval of 10 years.
Output:
When ten years are added to the 10th of January 2023, the expected result is 10 AM on the 10th of January 2030. We have added time and day units to the date_time field. Now let’s try adding a combination of these values.
Code #7
SELECT DATE_ADD('2023-01-10 10:00:00', INTERVAL '10:10' YEAR_MONTH) as date_time;So, the date to be updated here is 10 AM on 10th January 2023. The interval to be added is a combination of years and months. Ten years and ten months are to be added to the date_time value.
Output:
Adding ten years and ten months to 10th January 2023 will return 10th November 2030. The time will remain untouched in this query.
Code #8
SELECT DATE_ADD('2023-01-10 10:00:00', INTERVAL '1:10' HOUR_MINUTE) as date_time;So, We will update the date to 10 AM on 10th January 2023. You must add 1 hour and 10 minutes to the date_time value.
Output:
Let’s try adding negative values to this function.
Code #9
SELECT DATE_ADD('2023-01-10 10:00:00', INTERVAL -10 HOUR) as date_time;The query is to subtract 10 hours from the date_time provided. In this date_time value, the date will remain unchanged, and the expected output will be 12 AM on the same date.
Output:
Code #10
SELECT DATE_ADD('2023-01-10 10:00:00', INTERVAL -10 DAY) as date_time;So, 10 days are to be subtracted from 10th January 2023. And the time field is to remain untouched.
Output:
Moving 10 days backward in the calendar from 10th January 2023 will return 31st December 2023, and the time is to remain untouched.
Code #11
SELECT DATE_ADD('2023-01-10 10:00:00', INTERVAL '-60:-60' MINUTE_SECOND) as date_time;The query directs us to subtract 60 minutes and 60 seconds from 10 AM on 10th January 2023.
Output:
By moving 60 minutes and 60 seconds backward to 10 AM, the expected result is 8:59 AM of the same day.
Advantage ConclusionWe are now familiar with the DATE_ADD function. The function will add a specified unit of time or days to the date and time value provided in the statement. You can add both positive and negative values to the date_time field. This function supports most of the units in MySQL. The query is straightforward to amend any date and time field and return the result.
Recommended ArticlesWe hope that this EDUCBA information on “MySQL DATE_ADD()” was beneficial to you. You can view EDUCBA’s recommended articles for more information.
How Does The Place Method Work In Tkinter With Example?
Introduction to Tkinter place
Tkinter is used to create GUI in python, and it is the most commonly used library we have. By the use of it, we can create a GUI very easily and very fast. As the name suggests, it is used to specified someplace for the GUI component. Tkinter has many layout manager places is one of them. By the use of place, we can assign the size or position of the window. It is a geometry manager position widget we have in the Tkinter module.
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To make use of the place, we first need to import the Tkinter package into our program. We can use this to place buttons, labels, and many other GUI stuff to place them properly into the window. Now we will see the syntax to use this in our program;
Example:
place(relx = val, rely = val, anchor = VAL)In order to use this, we need to pass three parameters inside it. Which are named as relax, rely and anchor to place our widgets on the screen. We can call this method on any widgets we have available in the Tkinter module to develop our GUI for users. Let’s see one practice syntax to understand it better see below;
button1.place(relx =1, rely =1, anchor = N)Here we call this method on the button widget and place the variables here 1,1, and N to relax, rely, and anchor, respectively.
How does the place method work in Tkinter?As of now, we know that we use a place to place our widgets on the window. Which can be relative or absolute position on the window. We have three different layouts available in Tkinter are named as place, pack, and grid. These all three are based on different positioning. The place is based on absolute positioning; we will discuss absolute positioning in details see below;
Absolute positioning: This can be termed as fixed positioning, not relative. Suppose we have some different sizes of our window that encapsulate all our widgets in the right position in the past. But suppose we want to resize our window in the future, so the widgets will not be moving from their position irrespective of the window size. Also, the size of every widget will be in pixels. This means the look and feel of the application will be different from one platform to another one, as we see in many web applications where it looks different on chrome, firefox, and other browsers. The same is the case is here the GUI will be different on Mac, Linux, and windows, and many more. By using this, we can place our widgets on the window like labels, buttons, text, etc. Now we will see one example of how to use this and how it internally works to place the widgets on the window. We will see one simple example that will be under stable by the beginners as well see below;
from tkinter import * parent = Tk() parent.geometry("150x150") button1.place(relx = 1, relay =1, anchor = N) mainloop() ConstructorAs we have already seen, this takes different parameters like height, anchor, relx, rely, and so on. We will discuss these parameters more in detail see below;
Here is the syntax for its constructor see below;
place(relx = val, rely = val, anchor = VAL)
height: By using this parameter, we can specify the height in pixels.
width: By using this parameter, we can specify the width in pixels.
anchor: By using this parameter, we can specify the original position of the GUI component, or we can say widget on the window. It comes up with so many different options for positioning the widget like S, W, E, N, SW, WE, EN. This position will indicate the corners, and it also has one default position that is NW.
relax: This parameter represents the horizontal offset between 0.0. to 1.0.
relay: This parameter represents the vertical offset between 0.0. to 1.0.
Y: This is the vertical offset that comes in pixels.
X: This is the horizontal offset that comes in pixels.
MethodsWe have some of the method available which can be used with the place which is as follows see below;
pack (): This method is used to format or positioning our GUI widgets in vertical and horizontal boxes.
grid (): As the name suggests, it can handle the list data and is defined as the method that manages to show the widgets in two-dimensional ways.
Example of Tkinter placeExample:
from tkinter import * parent = Tk() master.geometry("300x300") #label one creating l = Label(parent, text = "This is label one !!") l.place(relx = 1, rely = 1, anchor = NW) #label two creating l = Label(parent, text = "This is label two !!") l.place(relx = 1, rely = 1, anchor = CENTER) mainloop()Output :
ConclusionBy using this place method, we can place our widgets on the GUI window. Bypassing various parameters to its constructor, we can place them at right, left top, and bottom. Also, we can place them at the corner of the window as well. But to use this, we would require the Tkinter module to be imported into our application.
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