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Automated storage tiering with SSDs is all about cost vs. benefit. Generally, the fastest tiers of storage are much more expensive than slower tiers. Effectively tiering data from the fastest flash tiers to less-expensive storage tiers can reduce the overall costs of the system, and it also keeps the most important data on the best-performing storage.
Tier 0 is a generic description of flash added to a storage system that includes multiple tiers of hard drives, which are usually Tiers 1, 2 and 3. Now that there is the possibility of multiple tiers of flash storage in a system, it could be argued that we need new set of tiers, such as Tiers 0.1, 0.2, 0.3. Just as the original hard drive tiers made storage more flexible, multiple flash tiers can optimize a system with the fastest storage for apps that need it, and lower-performance, higher-volume tiers for large files.
Cutting Costs
Storage costs are typically measured in dollars per gigabyte. With high-end storage systems ranging from several dollars per gigabyte at the highest tier — to less than a tenth of a cent for the lowest tiers — it’s easy to see the potential cost implications of differing storage system architectures. Storage vendors add additional software features to improve capacity and reduce the effective cost per gigabyte using compression and deduplication, but still face an uphill battle to match costs of hard drive and cloud-based storage.
While automated storage tiering with SSDs has been associated with high-end, all-flash storage arrays, the technology has trickled down to even inexpensive network attached storage (NAS) systems. For example, Synology offers the M2D17 adapter to support dual M.2 drives such as the Samsung 850 EVO to create a flash tier in a number of their NAS systems.
Understanding Flash Tiers
There are three common physical interfaces used for flash tiers: the SATA bus, the NVMe/PCIe bus and the memory bus. The NVMe/PCIe bus can either connect drives directly in a PCIe slot on the motherboard of a server or storage system, or via an M.2 PCIe slot. Both use the PCI Express protocol to communicate between drives and motherboards, and the NVMe standard for the fastest connection.
The reason for the newer, higher-speed interfaces is because the flash technology used to create the SSDs has outstripped the speed of the older interfaces. The SATA bus itself is what limits the SSDs to around 550 MB/s, while the NVMe interface can support much higher speeds.
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Latency in milliseconds (ms) to microseconds (µs), transfer rates from tens to tens of thousands of megabytes per second and input/output operations per second (IOps) improve with each newer technology. These correspond to as much as a 1000x improvement in performance for applications. Flash speeds have improved so much that performance limits are not in the flash technology itself, but in the interface used to connect flash to the rest of the system.
Gaining Benefits for Storage
For example, a tiered system might have SM963 drives as its top tier, SATA SSDs such as the Samsung SM863a for the next tier, and HDDs for the least important tier, each descending tier costing less and holding a higher capacity. This not only can help enterprises reduce costs when it comes to assembling data processing setups, but also that resources are properly allocated.
Find the best storage solutions for your business by checking out our award-winning selection of SSDs for the enterprise.
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Automated Trading And The Best Indicators That Go With It
Automated trading is a process of using computers to trade stocks, commodities, or other financial instruments automatically based on predetermined conditions. It can be used to execute trades at high speed and volume with little or no human intervention.
There are several reasons for making automated trading a trend. Mostly these reasons are about better time management, rational decisions, and fast actions on the market.
Benefits And Reasons Why Automated Trading is Considered To Be GoodAutomated trading has many benefits, including the ability to:
Save time: Automated trading can save you a lot of time as it can place and manage orders for you automatically according to your instructions. This means that you don’t have to constantly monitor the markets yourself and can instead focus on other things in your life.
Reduce emotions: When you trade manually, it is easy to let emotions influence your decisions. This can lead to bad decision-making, such as holding onto a losing position for too long out of hope that it will recover or selling a winning position too early out of fear of losing profits. With automated trading, all these emotional factors are removed from the equation as trades are executed automatically according to predetermined rules set by the trader.
Backtesting: One great benefit of automated trading systems is that they allow traders to put their strategies “to the test” before actually risking any real money in live markets. This process is known as backtesting and simulates what would happen if a particular strategy was used in actual market conditions over historical data. If the results are positive (i.e., profitable), then this gives traders more confidence in using the system when live trading with real money.
These benefits made automated trading quite commonly used among traders, no matter their types or experiences. But to conclude, it is still about individual needs and goals, because there can be different occasions when automated trading could lose all these benefits and negatively impact the trading process. For example, it can lead to more frequent and larger trades which can increase costs.
Second, it can limit flexibility and customization as traders are reliant on the software to make decisions. Finally, automated trading systems are often less reliable than humans when it comes to making decisions in fast-moving markets or during times of market stress. So make sure that it is relevant to your needs and abilities.
Useful Indicators Which Can Make Trading More Effective Even During Automated TradingThere are many indicators that can help in improving your trading experience. For sure, each of them has the best occasion to use and is not for any type of trading moment. As they are different, we will outline some easy-to-use indicators that clearly explain which moment you can use them to make them profitable.
Moving AverageThis indicator shows the average price of a security over a specific period of time. MA can be used to identify trends and support and resistance levels. This can help you to step forward correctly and specify the needed actions. For the determination of future patterns, you can use them effectively.
Stochastic OscillatorIt is based on the premise that price action tends to remain in an uptrend or downtrend for a period of time before reversing. The stochastic oscillator can be used to identify potential turning points in the market and help traders make more effective decisions about when to enter and exit trades.
Bollinger Bands
The indicator is calculated by taking the standard deviation of closing prices over a certain period of time, typically 20 days, and is extremely useful to be clear with the market volatility. Bollinger bands can be used to identify trends and potential reversals, as well as support and resistance levels.
There are several ways to trade with Bollinger bands. One common approach is to buy when prices break out above the upper band or sell when they fall below the lower band. Another strategy is to look for divergences between price action and the indicator, which can signal an impending reversal.
5 Best External Ssds You Can Buy
Whether it’s for storage, or for backing up your Windows or Mac computer, external storage devices are pretty useful. While you can pick up an external hard disk for pretty cheap these days, external SSDs have also gotten a lot more affordable as well. So, if you’re looking to buy a portable SSD for your laptop here are the 5 best external SSDs you can buy in 2023:
SSDs vs HDDs: Why is an SSD Better?Before we take a look at the external SSDs you can buy in 2023, let’s talk briefly about why you should consider an SSD over an external hard disk without getting too into the woods about the technical differences. Here are some reasons why SSDs are in-general better than hard disks for storage:
SSDs are more reliable than hard disks
SSDs offer much faster transfer rates than HDDs
SSDs make no noise, since they don’t use spinning disks like hard disks
SSDs are also safe from magnets while HDDs are not
There are also two different types of SSDs you will find: NVMe SSDs and SATA SSDs. While NVMe SSDs offer considerably higher speeds than solid state drives using SATA interfaces, they are also usually priced higher than SATA SSDs. At the end of the day, it’s all about the price-performance trade-off you’re willing to make in your purchase.
5 Best External SSDs You Can Buy (2023) 1. Samsung X5 Thunderbolt 3 NVMe SSDThe first SSD I’m putting on this list is the Samsung X5 SSD that comes with Thunderbolt 3 for speeds you’d normally expect to see on internal SSDs. The X5 is also an NVMe SSD at its core, but the reason it’s almost twice as fast as the other NVMe SSDs you’ll find on this list is because it’s using Thunderbolt 3 instead of USB 3.2 Gen1 or USB 3.2 Gen2 interfaces.
Bear in mind that the SSD will only work if your laptop has a Thunderbolt 3 port, like the new MacBook Pros, and some Windows laptops. Having a USB Type-C port will not give you the promised speeds here because even if your system has a USB 3.2 Gen2 Type-C port, it still only has a bandwidth of 20Gbps, which is half that of what Thunderbolt 3 offers.
The Samsung X5 SSD is a lot more expensive than most other options you’ll find on this list, but if you’re looking for speeds well over the 2,000MB/s mark, the Samsung X5 is definitely one of the best portable SSDs you can buy right now.
Buy the 500GB Samsung X5 SSD from Amazon ($199.99; ₹19,999)
2. Lexar Professional SL100 Pro NVMe SSDThe Lexar SL100 Pro comes in a small, portable package that should be easy to carry around, weighing in at just around 69g. The SSD has a USB Type-C port for connectivity, but Lexar ships both USB Type-C to Type-C and USB Type-C to Type-A cables with the SSD so even if your laptop doesn’t have a USB-C (or Thunderbolt 3) port you will be able to use the SSD without needing any adapters.
However, bear in mind that you’ll only get these high read/write speeds if your laptop supports USB 3.1 Gen 2. With a regular USB 3.0 port, you’ll be limited to speeds somewhere in the ballpark of around 400MB/s to 500MB/s because of bandwidth limitations.
You can get the Lexar SL100 Pro in both 512GB and 1TB variants, and the company also offers a limited 3 year warranty on the SL100 Pro external SSD.
3. Crucial X8 Portable NVMe SSDCrucial is one of the biggest names when it comes to storage devices. You might have heard of Crucial if you have ever looked for RAM sticks, or internal SSDs or HDDs for your tower PC. The X8 from Crucial is a portable external SSD that uses NVMe instead of SATA, and is claimed to support read/write speeds of 1050MB/s.
The Crucial X8 also comes in a small, portable design that’s almost the same size as the Apple Magic Mouse. Plus, it has a durable build with an aluminium core, it can tolerate extreme temperatures, it’s shock and vibration proof, and it’s also supposed to be drop-proof from up to 7.5 feet.
Similar to the Lexar SSD I mentioned above, this one also comes with a USB 3.2 Gen2 Type-C to Type-C cable, along with a USB 3.2 Gen1 Type-C to Type-A cable in the box. However, you’ll get the fastest speeds when using the USB 3.2 Gen2 cable with a laptop that also supports that same USB standard.
Buy the 1TB Crucial X8 from chúng tôi ($164.95)
4. SanDisk Extreme Pro Portable SSDFor people who need a more rugged storage solution for their data, one that’s protected against accidental drops and possible exposure to water and dust, the SanDisk Extreme Pro SSD is definitely the one to go with.
This is also an NVMe SSD, so you get really fast read/write speeds up to 1050MB/s (according to SanDisk), and it comes with a rugged design that’s also IP55 rated for water and dust resistance. Moreover, the SSD comes with a shock-resistant core and is also protected against vibrations.
The SSD is available in 500GB, 1TB, and 2TB variants for a starting price of $119.99.
Buy the 1TB SanDisk Extreme Pro SSD from Amazon ($229.99; ₹21,268)
If you’re looking for a rugged SSD, but you don’t really need the faster speeds offered by NVMe options in the market, SanDisk also has a SATA based variant of the SanDisk Extreme that offers speeds up to 540MB/s.
Buy the 1TB SanDisk Extreme SSD from Amazon ($166.96; ₹12,999)
5. Samsung T5 Portable SSDThe T5 from Samsung is a SATA SSD, though, so you’ll get read/write speeds of up to 540MB/s with this SSD using the USB 3.2 Gen 2 Type-C to Type-C cable that’s included in the box. There’s also a Type-C to Type-A cable here for connecting the SSD with devices that don’t have a Type-C port.
Samsung’s T5 SSD is comes inside a metal casing and it’s fairly durable, plus its small size is definitely a positive when it comes to portability and easy of carrying it around.
That said, Samsung just launched the T7 Touch Portable SSD at CES 2023, and it comes with faster read/write speeds of up to 1,050MB/s. Moreover, it comes with a fingerprint scanner built-in along with AES256 encryption, so your data will be even more secure. The company hasn’t announced the price for the SSD yet, but it will be available this month itself, and we’ll update this article when the price is out.
Use External SSDs for Faster, More Reliable StorageThose were the best external SSDs you can buy right now. There are some others you can check out as well, including the Seagate Fast SSD ($169), and the WD MyPassport ($149.99) both of which are SATA based SSDs that offer speeds up to 540MB/s. While you can choose to go with either NVMe or SATA based SSDs for your storage needs, you should know that while SATA based SSDs are relatively more affordable, NVMe drives will offer much faster transfer speeds. Moreover, if you get an SSD that uses Thunderbolt 3, you’ll get the fastest speeds while transferring data.
Top 5 Smartphones With 64 Gb And Above Expandable Storage
Samsung Galaxy S5
A 16 MP shooter with phase detection auto focus adorns the rear side of the dimpled S5. Impressive features include the finger print sensor (paypal certified), heart rate sensor, water and dust resistant. The phone is available in 4 colours and available for a price of Rs. 43,999 at infibeam.
Key SpecsModel Samsung Galaxy S5
Display 5.1 inch super AMOLED
Processor 2.5 Ghz Quad-core
RAM 2 GB
Internal Storage 16 GB, expandable to 128 GB
OS Android 4.4
Camera 16 MP/2 MP
Battery 2800 mAH
Price Rs. 43,999
HTC Desire 816Desire 816 comes packing a 13 MP camera at its back which supports HD video recording and a 5MP camera at the front again for making video calls and capturing selfies. The battery is a 2600 mAh unit which fuels the Desire 816. The Desire 816 comes with HTC Sense 5.5 UI and BoomSound speakers. And on top of that HTC Desire 816 comes with the latest Android 4.4 kitkat.
Key SpecsModel HTC Desire 816
Display 5.5 inch Super LCD2
Processor 1.6 Ghz Quad-core
RAM 1.5 GB
Internal Storage 8 GB, expandable to 128 GB
OS 4.4
Camera 13 MP/5 MP
Battery 2600 mAH
Price Rs. 23,390
Samsung Galaxy Grand 2Samsung Galaxy Grand 2 runs on a Qualcomm 1.2 Ghz quad core processor with an Adreno 305 GPU to furnish its graphics needs. The phone has a 5.25 inch TFT display with a pixel density of 280 ppi. Samsung Galaxy Grand 2 has a 1.5 GB RAM and an internal storage of 8 GB. The best part is that it is expandable to a whopping 64 GB via micro SD support.
Key specsModel Samsung Galaxy Grand 2
Display 5.25 inch TFT
Processor Quad-core 1.2 GHz
RAM 1.5 GB
Internal storage 8 GB expandable to 64 GB
OS Android 4.3
Cameras 8 MP/1.3 MP
Battery 2500 mAh
Price Rs.20,974
Sony Xperia Z1Sony Xperia Z1 comes packed with a 2.2 Ghz Snapdragon 800 processor backed with 2 GB of RAM. The phone has an Adreno 330 GPU to furnish the graphic needs of the smartphone. The front is adorned by a 5 inch TFT screen with a pixel density of 441 ppi. The impressive feature Xperia Z1 is that it supports multi touch up to 10 fingers.
A whooping 20.7 MP camera sits at the rear end and 2 MP shooter at the front end. The phone has an internal memory of 16 GB which is expandable to 64 GB via micro SD support. Other notable features include dust proof and water resistance up to a metre. You can buy this phone for Rs. 36,299 from infibeam.
Key SpecsModel Sony Xperia Z1
Display 5 inch TFT
Processor Quad-core 2.2 GHz
RAM 2 GB
Internal storage 16 GB expandable to 64 GB
OS Android 4.2
Cameras 20.7 MP/2 MP
Battery 3000 mAh
Price Rs.36,299
iBerry Auxus Nuclea N2iBerry Auxus Nuclea N2 sports a beautiful 5.7 inch IPS LCD display with a resolution of 1920 x chúng tôi Nuclea N2 packs a 1.7 Ghz Octa-core processor backed by a Mali 450MP4 GPU. 2 GB RAM powers the Nuclea N2 to perform multi-tasking with super smoothness.
iBerry Auxus Nuclea N2 comes with a 13 MP camera with BSI sensor and 8 MP front camera for making video calls and capturing selfies. The Nuclea N2 has a 3500mAh battery and runs on Android 4.2
KeySpecsModel iBerry Auxus Nuclea N2
Display 5.7 inch OGS FHD
Processor 1.7 Ghz Octa-core
RAM 2 GB
Internal Storage 16 HB, expandable to 64 GB
OS 4.2
Camera 13 MP/8MP
Battery 3500 mAH
Price Rs. 23,990
Some Other Smartphones 64 GB and Above Expandable StorageProcessor, RAM, Internal Storage, Camera, Display, Battery, Dual or Single SIM, Android Version
Quad-core 2.2 Ghz, 2 GB, 16 GB, 20.7 MP/2 MP, 4.3 inch, 2300 mAH, single, Android 4.3
Price: Rs.32,956
Price: 32,630
Quad core 2.3 Ghz, 2 GB, 16 GB, Dual 4 MP/5 MP, 5 inch, 2600 mAh, single, Android 4.4
Quad core 1.2 Ghz, 512 MB, 8 GB, 5MP/n.a., 4.5 inch, 1830 mAh, single, Windows 8.1
Price: To be Announced
Twitter To Add Automated Captions To Audio And Video
Twitter is working on adding automated captions to audio and video as part of a larger effort to make the platform more accessible.
In an announcement, the company says it was recently made aware it’s falling short in terms of being inclusive of the disabled community.
Back in July, Twitter began testing tweets that include audio only. Having no captions, or any other form of test, voice tweets were not accessible to all Twitter users.
See:
Twitter is committed to making itself more accessible, starting with the launch of several initiatives.
Automated CaptionsAutomated captions will be added to audio and video by early 2023. Twitter says work has already begun on the feature, but clearly there’s still more to do.
This should assist with making audio and video more accessible to everyone.
Automated captions are by no means perfect, see YouTube as an example of that, but they’re certainly a step up from not having any captioning at all.
Perhaps Twitter’s automated captioning will be made better somehow. The company says it’s working with people with disabilities to gather feedback on new prototypes.
The feedback may help make Twitter’s automated captioning better than your average voice-to-text translator. Although it will be some time before we see the end result.
Twitter might be wise to go the YouTube route of allowing both manual and automated captioning.
YouTube users have the option to provide their own subtitles to videos they upload.
If no captioning is provided, then YouTube will default to automated captions.
At one time YouTube was experimenting with a feature called ‘community contributions,’ which allowed anyone to contribute subtitles to a video.
However, due to lack of use and reports of spam and abuse, YouTube is shutting down community captions at the end of this month.
Here’s more about the other initiatives to make Twitter more accessible.
New Teams Dedicated to AccessibilityTwitter is introducing two new teams to its company that will focus on making the site more accessible.
The Accessibility Center for ExcellenceThis new team will help make aspects of Twitter more accessible by setting goals, driving progress, and consulting with groups across core business functions.
This is an all-encompassing initiative that will improve accessibility everywhere from Twitter’s office spaces, to marketing and communications strategies, to legal and policy standards, and more.
The Experience Accessibility TeamThis team will work with Twitter’s product team on new and existing features.
The role of the Experience Accessibility team is to provide resources and tools that contribute to greater accessibility on the service.
They’ll work in conjunction with the Accessibility Center for Excellence to ensure Twitter is held accountable in identifying and filling accessibility gaps in its products.
Longer-Term PlansTwitter says these initiatives are just the foundation for a longer-term plan to invest broadly in media accessibility.
“We’ve partnered with external groups and over the coming months we’ll be gathering feedback from people with disabilities via interviews, surveys, and doing remote usability studies of new prototypes.”
Finding The Best Ssds For Gaming Applications And Beyond
While many desktop PC users may be happy with basic solid state disks or even hard disks, gamers are often seeking the best performance possible from their systems and are frequently looking for the best SSDs for gaming. Manufacturers of custom gaming systems such as Maingear have turned to SSDs to get the best performance possible.
As applications go, computer games can place more stress on a computer than almost any other. Every subsystem — CPU, RAM, graphics, networking and storage — is worked to the max.
The graphics processing unit (GPU) is considered by many to be the most critical part of a gaming system, and it can have a huge impact on gaming performance, particularly on real-time simulations where the frame rate is the most important criteria for a seamless experience. However, as anyone who has waited minutes for the next section of a game to load can testify, the SSD benefits of speed, low latency and fantastic transfer rates come in a close second — and may even be first in games with large maps or high-intensity graphics.
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Staying within the same year of manufacture, a really high-end CPU or graphics card might triple or quadruple the performance of a basic version, but considering all the options, a top-of-the-line SSD can better the transfer rates of a basic hard drive by 10x or even 20x. Until recently, the trade-off was capacity. Gamers want terabytes, or even multiple terabytes, to accommodate the 10 GB or larger size of many games, while cost was limiting their choices to low-capacity SSDs or high-capacity HDDs. Maingear uses Samsung 960 PRO SSDs with capacities of up to 2TB in its systems.
Increasing SSD Capacities
However, the recent innovations in V-NAND construction created multilayer SSDs with 48 or 64 layers, resulting in SSDs with 2 or 4 TB of capacity and even better performance than previous generations. SSD benefits are obvious for gamers — enabled by the Non-Volatile Memory Express host controller interface, transfer rates can go from around 120 megabytes per second (MB/s) for HDDs, to 500-600 MB/s for SATA SSDs, to 3,500 MB/s for NVMe SSDs. These speeds can translate into decreased load times, sometimes by half or more.
The best SSDs for gaming are NVMe SSDs like the Samsung 960 PRO/EVO, which can produce huge gains in performance while generating less heat and using less power, a real plus in systems with multiple graphics cards. With high-end gaming systems using water cooling for CPU, memory, graphics cards and more, a part that uses less power can be a big benefit.
For systems without support on the motherboard for the NVMe interface, the best SSDs for gaming are SATA 6 GB/s SSDs like the Samsung 850 PRO, which offer over 550 MB/s read speeds and low costs as well.
For gamers looking for the ultimate in performance, systems without specific NVMe support on the motherboard can accommodate NVMe drives using an inexpensive PCI Express with an NVMe drive slot attached. The NVMe drive is mounted on the card, which is then mounted on a 4x PCIe slot.
Fortunately for gamers, and business users, V-NAND technology has resulted in rapid increases in SSD capacity without huge increases in prices. This means that not only can gamers use this technology for the latest releases, but enterprises can also incorporate it to handle high-capacity data applications and programs. There are business applications such as video and sound editing, software coding and compiling and special effects development that can also benefit greatly from the very fast SSDs that gamers prefer.
Find the best storage solutions for your business by checking out our award-winning selection of SSDs for the enterprise.
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